Ptolemaic Period (332 BC. to 30 BC)

Macedonian Kingdom

Persian invaders occupied Egypt in the sixth century BC until 332 BC.

Alexander the Great defeated the Persians and entered Egypt, he was welcomed as the son of the god Amun.

He founded a new city on the shores of the Mediterranean, Alexandria.

Ptolemaic Dynasty

After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, his commander Ptolemy I Soter founded the Ptolemaic State in Egypt

Egypt became one of the great powers of the Hellenistic world, at various times extending its rule over parts of Syria, Asia Minor, Cyprus, Libya and Phoenicia.

Ptolemy II set up empire in Aegean sea, Nubia and Syria

The ancient canal that linked the Gulf of Suez to the Nile was re-dug by Ptolemy II, and a caravan route linking the Nile to the Red Sea was set.

Vast areas of land were reclaimed, planted grapes and olives in Fayum.

Trade boomed due to Egypt's strategic location and Alexandria became a great trade center of the Hellenistic civilization

Starting from Ptolemy IV Philopater rule, the Dynasty decline continued and the empire was lost

In 30 BC during the reign of Cleopatra VII, Rome won the Battle of Actium, bringing the Ptolemaic period to an end and Egypt became a Roman province.

Ptolemy I Soter 323 - 285 BC.	Ptolemy II Philadelphus 285 - 246 BC.	Ptolemy III Euergetes 246 - 222 BC.	Ptolemy IV Philopator 222 - 205 BC.	Ptolemy V Epiphanes 205 - 180 BC.
Ptolemy VI Philometor 180 - 145 BC.	Ptolemy VIII Physcon 145 - 116 BC.	Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116 - 107 BC.	Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107 - 81 BC.	Cleopatra Berenice 81 - 80 BC.
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80 BC.	Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 80 - 58 BC. 55 - 51 BC.	Berenice IV 58 - 55 BC.	Cleopatra VII 51 - 30 BC.	.